光电设备卫星轨道预报摄动模型修正方法及精度分析

Correction method and precision analysis of satellite orbit forecast perturbed model for photoelectric device

在利用卫星轨道预报数据对光电跟踪设备进行引导时,需要根据卫星的轨道根数及光电设备站址坐标解算卫星引导数据,国际上采用较为广泛的卫星轨道预报模型为基于TLE格式的SGP4/SDP4模型(简化常规/深空扰动的近似解析解模型),该模型具有较高的运算速度,但解算精度往往无法满足光电设备引导的需要,因此在解算卫星引导数据时,需要采用卫星轨道摄动的力学模型对轨道进行修正,针对地球引力场、日月引力、上层大气阻力、太阳辐射压等主要的摄动力模型进行了分析并对卫星轨道进行了修正,经摄修正后,卫星轨道预报精度由方位20'、俯仰10'提高到方位2'、俯仰1',预报精度提升了约一个数量级。

When using the forecasting data of satellite orbit to guide the optoelectronic tracking device, the guiding data of satellite need to be solved according to the orbital element of the satellite and the coordinates of the optoelectronic device. The widely used satellite or- bit forecasting model is based on the SGP4/SDP4 model （simple and convention/approximate analysis model of deep space perturbation） based on TLE format. This model has relatively high calculation speed, but the solving precision can not satisfy the guiding requirement of the optoelectronic device. Therefore, the orbit needs to be corrected with the mechanical model of the satellite orbit perturbation when solving the guiding data of the satellite. In this paper, the perturbation mechanical model of the satellite orbit is corrected using the main parameters such, as the earth gravitational field, the attractive force between the sun and the moon, the upper atmospheric drag and the solar radiation pressure. After the perturbation correction, the orbit forecasting precision is improved from the azimuth 20＇ and the pitch- ing 10＇ to 2＇ and 1＇, respectively, which is almost one order of magnitude improvement.