新世纪以来中国区域发展不平衡的变动研究——基于三个层次的区位基尼系数

Researches on the Change of Regional Difference of Economic Development in the 21^(st) Century——A Positive Research on three Layers of Locational Gini Coefficient

本文对中国地区发展差异进行实证分析,运用全国31个省级行政区以及下属行政区的人口和GDP,采用下梯形法分别计算2000年、2012年三个层次的区位基尼系数:全国基尼系数、三大地带即东中西部基尼系数、各省区基尼系数系,并将三者进行时间纵向与区域横向对比,揭示了十年来中国地区及地区间区域发展差异变动的规律。研究结果显示,从2000年到2012年期间,全国范围的经济差异有所缓解,但东部和西部地带及部分省区内部经济发展差异显著变大。文章据此提出的相应政策建议是,区域政策应当从过去的粗放型向精准化转变,政策的着力点既要关注后发地区中的后发地区,也要关注发达地区中的相对落后地区,同时还要关注被大城市阴影遮蔽的小城市和农村地区,实现区域的和谐发展。

This paper makes an empirical analysis of Chinese regional development difference, with 31 provincial- level administrative regions as well as the subordinate administrative districts＇ population and GDP adopting the trapezoidal method to calculate three Layers of locational Gini coefficient in 2000 and 2012： the national Gini coefficient, three areas namely east, center and west Gini coefficient, the provinces＇ Gini coefficient in time longitude and reciprocal horizontal comparison. It reveals the ten years of China＇s regions and regional difference of regional development change rule. The results show that, from 2000 to 2012, a nationwide economic differences have been alleviating somewhat, but the eastern zone, western zone and some provinces＇ economic development do significantly larger. The article puts forward some corresponding policy suggestion： regional policy should be from extensive in the past to change to precise now. The policy should focus both on underdeveloped areas within the underdeveloped areas, but also on the backward area within the developed area, also, it should concern about small cities and rural areas shadowed by big cities to realize the harmonious development of regional economy.