延迟退休政策对我国城镇居民人均收入的影响

The Impacts of Late Retirement Policy on Personal Income of Urban Residents in China

我国低生育水平和人口老龄化的到来,以及人口平均预期寿命的不断提高所产生的人口结构变化,催生了延迟退休政策。文章回顾延迟退休制度的背景和由来,从直接和间接两个方面分析延迟退休政策对我国城镇居民人均收入产生的影响,如直接作用于老年人的消费、储蓄和投资等方面,同时通过缓解或弥补"刘易斯拐点"、"人口红利拐点"以及"养老金缺口"所带来的负面效应对我国城镇居民的人均收入进行影响。文章经过论证,得出延迟退休政策的实行会增加城镇居民人均收入的结论,为政策的实行奠定理论基础。

The coming era of low birth rate and aging population in China, and rising average life expectancy result in the changes of the population structure which gave birth to late retirement policy. This paper reviews the background and origin of the late retirement policy, and analyzes its direct and indirect impacts on average income of the urban residents, e.g. direct effects on consumption, savings and investments of old-age residents. In the meantime, it affects the income by mitigating the negative effects of the ＂Lewis turning point＂, the ＂critical point of demographic dividends＂ and the ＂pension gap＂. It concludes that late retirement policy can increase the income of urban residents which provides a theoretical base for its implementation.