安徽六安市婴儿卡介苗接种效果评价及相关因素分析

Evaluation of the BCG vaccination effects and analysis of related factors among infants in Lu'an city

目的评价婴儿卡介苗（BCG）接种质量及效果,分析其影响因素。方法在全市8县区中抽取1周岁以内且接种BCG 12周以上的健康婴儿,调查接种时间,测量卡痕径值、进行结核菌素（BCG-PPD）试验并观察结果。结果共调查800名婴儿卡痕率为97.00%,PPD试验阳性率80.13%;单因素分析显示,出生后BCG接种时间（χ2=6.695,P=0.010）、卡痕直径（χ2=61.250,P=0.000）、住址不同（χ2=73.148,P=0.000）的PPD试验阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不同性别差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.650,P=0.056）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,卡痕直径〈3 mm与≥3 mm的PPD阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,提示卡痕直径≥3 mm时接种更成功（OR=0.413,95%CI：0.263-0.649）。结论六安市卡介苗接种质量总体较好。卡痕直径、出生后接种时间,医务人员的接种技能是卡介苗接种效果的影响因素。

Objective To evaluate the quality and effect of BCG vaccination among infants,and analyze its influence factors.Methods Eight hundred healthy infants aged below 1 year,and inoculation with BCG more than 12 weeks,were selected from 8 counties,Lu＇ an City.Inoculation time,BCG scar diameter,and other information were collected.BCG vaccination effects were evaluated by PPD test.Results Among the total of 800 infants,BCG scar rate was 97.00%,PPD positive rate was 80.13%.Single factor analysis showed that the vaccination time after birth（χ2= 6.695,P = 0.010）,BCG scar diameter（χ2= 61.250,P = 0.000） and address（χ2= 73.148,P = 0.000） were factors influencing the effect of BCG vaccination（P〈0.05）.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the difference of PPD positive was closely related with BCG scar diameter 3 mm or ≥3 mm（OR = 0.413,95%CI：0.263-0.649）,indicating that diameter ≥3 mm would be more successful.Conclusion The overall quality of BCG vaccination was good in Lu＇an.BCG scar diameter,vaccination time after birth and inoculation skills of medical personnel were factors influencing the effect of BCG vaccination.