潜江市实施控制血吸虫病传染源防治新策略与效果评估

Evaluation on eradicating-infection-source based new strategy for schistosomiasis control in Qianjiang City

目的评价以控制传染源为主的血吸虫病防治新策略在水网型地区的做法与防治效果。方法采用流行病学方法,回顾性分析潜江市2006-2013年开展改水管粪、以机代牛、家畜圈养、人畜化疗、易感地带灭螺、硬化沟渠等以控制传染源为主的防治新策略实施情况,对比实施前后的血吸虫病疫情变化及效果。结果以控制传染源为主的防治新策略实施7年来,全市农村三格式厕所、沼气池及安全用水覆盖率分别为42.00%、23.16%、93.76%;沟渠硬化196条,消灭钉螺面积17.8 hm2;接受血吸虫病防护知识宣教552 481人次,占总人口数的90.56%。采取主动防护措施预防血吸虫感染51 663人次。人群、耕牛血吸虫病感染率分别下降了89.13%和100.00%;急性感染数降至为0;流行村类别也发生显著变化,一类和二类重度流行村减少至0;三类村减少了80.71%;四类村增加了76.16%。传播控制标准如期实现。结论实施以控制传染源为主的血吸虫病防治新策略,在流行范围广泛、地理环境复杂、人畜感染严重的水网型地区防治成效显著。

Objective To evaluate the eradicating-infection-source based new strategy for schistosomiasis control in marshland network area of Qianjiang City Methods Epidemiological and retrospective methods were applied from 2006-2013 in this study.Improving water supply,managing manure,replacing cattle with machine,chemo-therapy for residents and cattle,wiping snails in susceptible area,consolidating ditches and other measures were taken to implement the eradicating-infection-source based new strategy for schistosomiasis control in marshland network area.The endemic changes before and after the implementation of the above strategy were compared.Results Since the implementation of the above strategy in the past seven years,the coverage of the three-format-toilets,bio-gas pools and safety water supply was 42.00%、23.16%、93.76% respectively.196 ditches were consolidated,17.8 hm2 snail area was eliminated,552 481 person time received knowledge of schistosomiasis control,accounting for 90.56% of the total population.51 663 person time received active protection measures to prevent infection.The infection rate of human and cattle decreased 89.13% and 100.00%respectively.Acute infection decreased to zero.Great change also occurred in the endemic type：heavily endemic type I and II decreased to zero,type III decreased by 80.71%,and type IV had a increase of 76.16%.The criteria of transmission control were achieved.Conclusions It is considered that in such a widely endemic marshland area,with complicated geographic surroundings,and heavily infected human and cattle,the eradicating-infection-source based new strategy for schistosomiasis control in Qianjiang City was successful in the past seven years.