宋代灾民住房安置略论

A Brief Discussion on House settlement of Natural Disasters Victims in the Song Dynasty

宋代火灾、水灾、风灾、地震与山崩是造成官私房屋被毁最多的四种自然灾害,尤其是火灾与水灾给人民生命和财产造成巨大威胁和损失。宋政府在灾民住房安置方面多方设法,既有灾害发生时以不使灾民露处为目的的临时性、短时效的安置办法,也有灾害过后以重建家园为目的的永久性、长时效的安置措施。在整个灾民住房安置过程中,宋代官府起了主导作用,同时又发动民间各方力量参与,这些都表明宋代在灾民住房安置方面已有了较为成熟的指导思想和行为措施。

Fire, flood, typhoon, earthquake and landslides are the four kinds of natural disasters which destroyed most of houses in the Song dynasty. Fire and flood are the most catastrophic which cause drastic threat and damage to people＇ s life and property. The Song government managed different house- arranging measures for the victims. It not only had temporary and short-time-effect ways for keeping the victims from exposing, but also took permanent and long-time-effect measures to reconstruct homes. In the whole process of housing placement for victims, the Song government played a leading role, while all social forces took active part. All these movements indicate that the Song dynasty had mature guiding ide- ology and measures in the settlement of victims.