基于合作治理的公交服务控制权配置及其对效益的影响:以上海市公交服务为例

Public Bus Service's Control Right and its Influence on Benefit Based on Cooperation Governance: A Case Study of Shanghai Public Bus Service

公交服务效益不佳而引发了国有化回潮的现象,其关键在于政府、公交企业和社会群体三方主体在合作中控制权配置不合理。针对此问题,基于合作治理的背景,运用非对称信息条件下的委托代理理论构建公交服务合作的效益模型,探讨公交服务各主体控制权配置及其对效益的影响,并以上海市公交服务的数据进行实证检验。结果表明:公交企业控制权配置受其自身产出水平的影响,产出水平越高的企业,其获得的控制权也就更大;公交企业控制权与效益是"倒U型"关系,只有控制权在合理范围内时才有利于效益的增加;各方主体在自身控制权范围内,其努力水平与效益是"倒U型"关系,表明政府过度干预、社会群体无效参与均不利于效益的提高。据此提出在合作中的战略、战术和执行层级中合理安排各主体控制权。

The market reform of China＇s urban public bus transportation service has been in trouble for the past several years.The market has failed to meet efficiency,equity,and voice criteria.The local urban governments have increased their roles in public bus transportation markets to deliver public bus service.This paper focuses on the collaboration among local urban governments,operators,and citizens.The main problems needed to be solved are how to collaborate among the three actors,how to increase performance of operators,how to regulate the operators,and how to increase local governments‘ responsibilities and citizens’ roles.To improve public bus service pedormance,one needs to arrange a governance structure for these three actors.Under this condition,this paper uses the principle-agency method to construct a benefit model of public bus service,which explains the allocation of control right and its influence on benefit.This model can help obtain optimum control right,an optimum effort level,and the optimum of public bus service benefit.The model is further tested with the data of Shanghai bus service.The data was collected by email and interview in 2012.Firstly,the results show that the relationship between operators＇ control right and their output level is positive,which means control rights will be stronger if an operator＇s output level is higher.So,it is necessary to choose good enterprises by competitive tendering process.Secondly,the relationship between operator＇s control right and public bus service benefit is an ＂inverted U＂ type.When the operator＇s control right is limited in a certain range,it could encourage the improvement of public bus service benefit.When it passes the critical point,the operator＇s control right would decrease the public bus service benefit.Thirdly,when the control rights of the three actors are in their ranges,the relationship between output level and public bus service benefit is an ＂inverted U＂ type.Therefore,when the output level is in a limit range it can improve the benefit of public bus service The control rights of the three actors are important to the benefit of public bus service.The allocation of control rights is different at strategic level,tactical level,and operational level.During the collaboration period,it is necessary to arrange the control rights of the actors in a suitable range to achieve the optimum benefit.