企业技术创新体系演化研究

Study on Evolution of Enterprise Technology Innovation System

创新体系在企业创新中发挥着重要作用。以Rothwell的技术创新五代模型为依据,本文提出了企业技术创新体系四代演化模型:第一代"内部研发为中心的创新体系";第二代"基于协同/整合的创新体系";第三代"高度基于战略管理导向的企业创新体系";第四代"创新生态体系"。并探讨了各代体系之间的相互联系和区别,以及在企业创新尤其是央企创新中的作用。

China has become one of the largest economies and one of top ten innovative countries in the world.State-owned Key Enterprises played an important role in building the innovative nation,and it has made a number of major scientific and technological achievements in some key areas ; But the innovation capability of State-owned Key Enterprises is still weak,which is mainly reflected in the following aspects：the low self-sufficiency rate of key technology,relative backwardness of the enterprise＇ s innovation system,and low participation of the senior management team during the innovation governance.Thus,the structure of the enterprise innovation power was delivered by Xu Qingrui,which mainly includes two aspects：（1） the gravity and thrust from the leader and the masses; （2） the promotion of technological innovation and the pulling force of the market for technological innovation.The above four forces form two pairs of contradictions,which also determine the design and selection of technology innovation systems for the enterprise.After reviewing the origin of innovation theory and the evolution of technological innovation,this paper put forward four-generation evolution models of enterprise innovation system,The first generation model is the “Internal R＆D-Oriented Innovation System” ; the second generation model is the “：Internal and External Collaborative Innovation System” ; the third generation model is the “Highly Strategy-Oriented Innovation System” ; the fourth generation model is the “Eco-Innovation System”.Literature review and case study are combined to explore the background.This paper dwell on the characteristics and relationship between each innovation system,and the role in the enterprise innovation especially the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation,so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the design and improvement of the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation system.The development of enterprise innovation system is a process of evolution.The first-generation enterprise innovation system,namely,internal R ＆ D is considered to be the most valuable strategic assets and reliable guarantee for innovation,it＇ s a closed and independent innovation model.The second-generation model is relatively perfect and open; and “interaction” is the keyword of this stage,it is a kind of internal integration,external open innovation system.In the third-generation “Highly Strategy-Oriented Innovation System”,the governance structure plays a central role in innovation.The fourth-generation innovation ecosystem emphasizes the “ecological” and “evolution”.The evolution of the enterprise innovation system is not a simple substitute between generations,but it is constantly pushed forward.The innovation system has evolved in the complex,ecological direction.The future enterprise innovation system should be based on the core technology and core ability,namely strengthening the open innovation ecological system based on the internal research and development.