四川省某市社区空巢老人心理现状调查

Survey on nowadays mental health of empty-nest elderly in community

目的了解四川省某市社区空巢老人的心理健康状况,并分析其影响因素。方法采取二阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取成都市九个行政区年龄≥60岁的户籍老人470例,其中245例为非空巢老人,225例为空巢老人。采用自制一般情况调查表、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)和老年抑郁量表(GDS)进行面对面的问卷调查。结果非空巢老人和空巢老人无抑郁症状的人数分别为147人(65.3%)和112人(45.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非空巢老人和空巢老人智力正常的人数分别为225人(91.8%),163人(72.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。空巢老人的抑郁程度与年龄(r=0.226,P<0.05)、获得的社会支持(r=0.057,P<0.05)、人际关系(r=0.130,P<0.05)、躯体疾病状况(r=0.273,P<0.05)、每日体育锻炼的强度(r=0.304,P<0.05)和智力情况(χ2=0.000,P<0.05)有关;智力情况与年龄(χ2=11.563,P<0.05)和抑郁程度(χ2=7.962,P<0.05)有关。结论空巢老人的智力情况相对于非空巢老人较差,抑郁情况相对较严重,其影响因素涉及年龄、获得的社会支持、人际关系等多个方面。

Objective To understand the mental health status of empty - nest elderly, and analyze the related influential factors. Methods 540 old people （The people whose age is or over 60 years old） living in the communities, Chengdu were face to face sur- veyed and compared using self - developed general situation questionnaire, Mini - Mental State Examination （ MMSE）, and the Geriat- ric Depression Scale （GDS）. Finally, 470 pieces of valid statistics were taken back, 245 of which came from while 225 of which came from empty - nest elderly. Results There were 147 non - empty - nest elderlies who didn＇t have melancholia, while the amount of empty- nest elderlies were 112, which was significantly different in statistics （P 〈0.05 ）： In addition, MMSE showed that there were significant difference between 2 groups （ P 〈 0.01 ）. About 225 non - empty - nest elderlies were normal in intelligence, while there were 163 normal empty - nest elderlies. Correlation test showed that the influential factors of depressive symptoms of empty - nest elder- ly were age （ r = 0. 226, P 〈 0.05 ）, social support （ r = 0. 057, P 〈 0.05 ）, interpersonal relationship （ r = 0. 130, P 〈 0.05 ）, illness （ r = 0. 273, P 〈 0.05 ）, everyday exercise （ r = 0. 304, P 〈 0.05 ）, and mentality status （χ2 = 0. 000, P 〈 0.05 ）. And their mentality status was related with their age（χ2 = 11. 563,P 〈 0.05 ） and depressive symptoms （χ2 = 7. 962, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The depressive symptoms of empty - nest elderly was more serious than non - empty - elderly, and his mentality status was worse. And the factors in- fluencing empty -nest elderly includes age, social support, interpersonal relationship and so on.