社会历史批评形成过程综述

Review of Social Historical Criticism

社会历史批评是一种从社会历史角度观察、分析、评价文学现象的批评方法,即将文艺纳入社会历史中考察,并从中发现规律,解读作品。社会历史批评的源头可追溯到古希腊批评家柏拉图的"模仿说",到维柯时期基本成熟,后经斯达尔夫人、丹纳的阐释得到进一步完善,又经19世纪俄国现实主义批评家的拓展、延伸,其地位在文学理论界得以完全确立。纵观社会历史批评的整个发展过程:在批评视角上,其所涉及的领域越来越多,越来越全面,但经济因素缺失;在文学与社会的关系上,从单一的社会主体上升为文学与社会互为主体;在方法上,从单纯以社会学的方法解读文艺发展为与其他学科的交互融合。

Social historical criticism refers to a critical way which observes, explains and evaluates from historical perspective, namely studying literature and art in the field of social history and discovering the rules as well as appreciating the works. The source of social his-torical criticism can date back to Plato （an ancient Greek critic） ＇s Imitation Theory. To Vicao period,the theory has been mature basi-cally. And then after Madame de Stael and Hyppolyte Adolphe Taine＇s explanation,the theory has got further improvement. Social histori-cal criticism has been able to completely be established in the field of literary theory after expansion and extension of Russia realistic critics in the 19th century. Throughout the entire development process of social historical criticism way：it has involved in more and more fields, and has become more and more comprehensive in the view of criticism,but lack of economic factors;the relationship between literature and society,from the social subjectivity single rose to Literature and social inter subjectivity;it has also become into combining the two from merely analyzing development of literature and art in the way to combining other subjects.