“绿图”导引下的城乡结合部绿色空间保护——浅析美国城市绿图计划

Green Space Conservation on Rural-Urban Fringe Guided by Greenprint: Study on Program of Mapping City Greenprint in the USA

"绿图"是一种图示管理城市周边自然环境资源及优质耕地,引导城市空间合理拓展的方法,在美国被广泛应用于城乡绿色空间保护计划,极具借鉴价值。文章以华盛顿州金县绿图计划为线索展开:(1)城乡结合部环境保护管控,绿图计划缘起、研究对象及空间规划核心;(2)绿图规划过程及关键环节,土地利用识别与归类——优先保护区鉴定与策略制订,生态网络构建——绿色枢纽、廊道的选择与空间模式优化,生态服务功能提升——复合功能廊道建设与退化区生态恢复;(3)绿图计划实施途径保障及多权属主体合作。结合国情,文章尝试归纳出可供借鉴的城乡结合部绿色空间保护规划思路与方法。

Greenprint is a method for mapping an area＇s natural resources and productive farmland to guide rational growth, which is widely applied for conservation program in rural-urban fringe area in the USA. Greenprint program is employed to protect valuable green space from urban expansion, while guiding rational expansion of urbanized area, which is obviously instructive. The paper is unfolded in conjunction with the case study of Greenprint of King County as following： （1） environmental conservation on rural-urban fringe, the concept of Greenprint, focusing areas on planning; （2） the process of Greenprinting Program and key nodes： land-use analyses including identification of prioritizing areas for conservation, configuration of ecological network encompassing selection of green hubs and links, optimization of the green spatial pattern, promotion of ecological system service via construction of multi-functional corridors and restoration of degraded areas; （3） the management of the program, setting trajectory leading to the goal, and multi-partnership of the program. The paper also tries to seek and induce appropriate concept and method for green space conservation planning of rural-urban fringe in China.