系统观念演进与文学史思想转型

On Evolution of Systematic Concept and Transformation of History of Literature Concept

进化论以生物分类为基础反映物种演化规律的"系统"观念,为文学史思想的现代确立奠定了学理基础。文学史写作在当前陷入困境,其合法性受到质疑,与信息时代的科学催生出的"复杂性系统"对于进化论系统观念的解构是一致的。从凸显本国本民族文学的个性特征到关注与异国异族文学的互动关系,从坚持文学的固有属性来确定写作对象到融合文化的多种元素去不断切换考察范围,从强调事实和线性到渗透主观性和随机性,当前文学史思想发生的一系列转型,充分体现了复杂性系统观念的内在要求。

System,a concept which in the theory of evolution reflects the law of evolution based on the classification of organisms,has laid a foundation for the establishment of the modern history of literature concept.Its validity being questioned,the writing of literary history is in a dilemma today,which is accordant with the deconstruction of the systematic concept in the theory of evolution by the concept of ＂complex system＂developed in the information era. A series of transformation has taken place concerning the concept of literature history,ranging from emphasizing characteristics of native literature to paying close attention to the interaction of native literature with foreign literature; from persisting in the intrinsic nature of literature to constantly changing objects of study taking various cultural elements into consideration; from stressing facts and linearity to paying attention to subjectivity and randomicity. These transformations embody the inherent requirement of the complex system concept.