溯《内经》、《难经》之“得气”——试析“治神”与“调气”

Analysis of Mind-control and Qi-regulation: Tracing the Arrival of Qi Recorded by Nei Jing and Nan Jing

目的文章旨在溯本求源,述"得气"与"治神"、"得气"与"调气"及"得气"与二者的内外之境变化,从此三方追溯《内经》、《难经》所述,作为立论"得气"之依据。方法查阅《内经》、《难经》录著古籍与历代各家的经文注述37本,以王冰、马莳、杨上善所注为据。结果依"治神"而言,需治医者、患者与环境三者之神,且需观、守气至之机。从"调气"而论,有"得气"即达"调气"补泻之效,从取穴端正、浅深适宜、方向逢时上述"调气",与强调候、辨气至之气而"调气"等不同著述。并且,内外之境的差异变化亦从"调气"与"治神"上对"得气"产生影响。结论无论是从"得气"的获取、判别及调整均与治神及调气存有密切关联。二者相辅相成于医者的整个针刺过程,是"得气"取效之精要所在。

Objective To discuss the relationships between qi-arrival and mind-control, qi-arrival and qi-regulation, and to define qi-arrival by tracing the relevant records in Nei Jing （Classic of Internal Medicine） and Nan Jing （Classic of Difficult Issues）. Method Thirty-seven relevant ancient books of the two classics were reviewed and the notes by WANG Bing, MA Shi, and YANG Shang-shan were referred. Result Mind-control requires the spirits of the practitioner, patient and environment, as well as observing and waiting for the arrival of qi. Regarding qi-regulation, theories involve that qi-arrival achieves same reinforcing and reducing effect as qi-regulation, qi-regulation is elucidated from the correct location of acupoint, proper needling depth and direction, and to regulate qi by observing the arrival of qi. Besides, the changes of internal and external environments also influence qi-arrival via qi-regulation and mind-control. Conclusion Qi-arrival is closely related to mind-control and qi-regulation in obtaining, differentiation, and adjustment. Mind-control and qi-regulation assist each other through the whole acupuncture process, which is the core of qi-arrival.