航天器对接逼近段相对运动的解析求解与最优控制

Analytical solution of the relative motion and optimal control for the approach phase of spacecraft docking

应用解析方法,研究了航天器对接逼近段多自由度的轨道和姿态耦合控制问题。求解多自由度机动下航天器的相对运动,设计逼近段最优控制,并通过仿真算例给出相关动力学分析结论。所提供的解析解可有效减少控制量求解的计算时间,并使动力学方程在整个过程得以满足,提高了计算精度。所得状态量解析表达式更有利于分析逼近段航天器相对运动的一般规律,并且能够更直观地反映航天器连接点的相对运动、判断逼近段是否发生碰撞,有利于提高对接的安全性。

The problem of multi-degree-of-freedom trajectory and attitude coupled control in docking approach phase is investigated by analytical method. The relative motion of docking spacecraft is solved. The optimal control for the approach phase is proposed. Some discussions of docking spacecraft dynamical properties are presented based on numerical simulation results. Due to the derived analytical solution, the dynamic equations are satisfied in the whole process. Computational efficiency and precision are both improved. Furthermore, the analytical computation results of the relative motion parameters are helpful for analyzing their general rules. Whether the docking spacecraft impact each other or not can be reflected more directly by the presented time history of the connection point＇ s relative position in approach phase. It is conducive to improve safety of docking process.