摘要
上世纪二三十年代,世界上发现的石油资源绝大部分都在海相地层中,勘探实践所提供的客观事实,使西方许多地质家形成了只有海相才能生油的概念。1941年,潘钟祥先生首次提出"中国陆相生油"。长期以来,海相生油与陆相生油一直存在争论。中国的石油地质家经过几十年的勘探,不仅在诸多的中新生代陆相沉积盆地发现了丰富的石油,而且还找到了大庆、胜利等亿吨级的大油田。实践证明,中国学者坚持的海相能生油陆相也能生油的认识是正确的。海相烃源岩和陆相烃源岩都是在半咸水、咸水沉积环境中形成的,大陆架、大陆坡是海相烃源岩发育的理想环境,而内陆咸化湖盆中的深水凹陷(或洼陷)则是陆相烃源岩发育的最好环境。同时,海相烃源岩和陆相烃源岩中有机物质的主要来源均为半咸水、咸水水体环境中发育的浮游藻类。因此,海相生油与陆相生油并没有本质的区别,都是烃源岩生油理论的一个组成部分,不存在独立的海相生油理论或独立的陆相生油理论。二者唯一的区别,就是陆相烃源岩的Ⅰ型干酪根比海相烃源岩的Ⅱ型干酪根品质更好,生油能力更强。
In the 1920's to 1930's,most oil resources in the world were founded in the marine formations. This objective fact provided by exploration practice made many western geologists have the thoughts of ma- rine oil generation only.In 1941 ,Mr.Pan Zhongxiang proposed the theory of terrestrial oil generation in China. There is always discussion on the marine oil generation and the terrestrial oil generation for long time.After few decades of exploration by Chinese petroleum geologists ,not only rich oil was found in many continental sedimentary basins in Meso-cenozoic,but also big oilfields with hundred-million ton grade are found in Daqing and Shengli.The practice proves that the knowledge of marine oil generation and terrestrial oil gener- ation by Chinese geologists is correct.Marine and terrestrial hydrocarbon source rocks are both formed in the brackish and saline depositional environment.Continental shelf and continental slope are the ideal environment developed the marine hydrocarbon source rocks,thus deep water sag or subsug in the inland brine lake is the best environment developed the terrestrial hydrocarbon source rocks.At the same time ,the main sources of the organic matter in the marine and terrestrial hydrocarbon source rocks are the planktonic algae developed in the brackish and saline water environment.So there are no native differences between the marine oil generation and the terrestrial oil generation, and both of them are the part of oil generation theory of the hydrocarbon source rocks.Neither the theory of the marine oil generation nor the theory of the terrestrial oil generation is independent.The only difference between them is type Ⅰ kerogen in the terrestrial source rocks has better quality and stronger oil generation capability then type Ⅱ kerogen in the marine source rocks.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2014年第10期1-12,共12页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
陆相生油
海相生油
烃源岩
沉积环境
浮游藻类
干酪根
terrestrial oil generation
marine oil generation
hydrocarbon source rocks
depositional environment
planktonic algae
kerogen