新能源发电现状概述与分析

New Energy-based Power Generation Today and Analysis

随着生态和环境保护形势日趋严峻,发展新能源已成为我国乃至世界能源战略的主流,新能源发电成为未来电力行业发展的主题。新能源不仅包括风能、太阳能和生物质能等传统可再生能源,还包括页岩气和小堆核电等新型能源或资源。2013年,我国风力发电装机容量增长16.1GW,年递增21.4%;光伏发电新增装机容量11.3GW,年增长136.1%;我国拥有丰富的页岩气资源,目前正在加大页岩气勘探开发力度;小堆核电具有小身型、多用途、多选择、高安全等技术上的优势,适合我国电力行业的发展需求。风电的经济性主要体现在经济效益和环境效益上;增强光伏发电的经济效益,可以采取政府优惠补贴、增加发电容量、采用高新技术、开发新材料等措施;我国页岩气开发尚处于起步阶段,如果参照美国经验,国内的页岩气开采成本将远高于现行工业用天然气出厂价;目前国内小堆核电项目在经济上还无法与大堆相比,但随着科技进步和成本降低,小堆核电完全可以收回成本,并取得环境和经济上的双丰收。总之,新能源从辅助能源成为主要能源还需要一个长期的过程。

As the situation for ecological and environmental protection is increasingly stem,developing new energy has become part of the energy strategy for many countries in the world ,including China and new energy-based power generation will become the trend of development for the power industry.In addition to conventional renewable energy sources such as wind power,solar energy and biomass,new energy also includes alternative energy sources and resources such as shale gas and small reactor nuclear power.In 2013,China＇s installed wind power generating capacity grew by 16.1GW or 21.4% and installed PV power generating capacity grew by ll.3GW or 136.1%.China has significant shale gas resources and is stepping up the exploration and development of shale gas.Small reactor nuclear power technology has its technical advantages such as small physical footprint,versatility,muhiple selection and high safety and is therefore suitable for China＇s power industry.The economics of wind power are primarily reflected in the economic and environmental benefits of the energy source.Measures for improving the economic benefits of PV power generation include offering government subsidies,increasing power generating capacity,introducing new and high technology and developing new materials.China＇s shale gas development is still in its infancy.If the American experience is used, the cost of producing shale gas in China would be much higher than the current ex-refinery price of natural gas for industrial users.In China,small reactor nuclear power projects are currently still unable to rival large reactor projects economically.However,as technology advances and cost drops,small reactor projects will be fully able to recover their costs and achieve returns both environmentally and economically.All in all,it will be a long process for new energy to become the primary energy from an auxiliary energy source.