护士工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠:心理资本的中介作用

Association between Work Family Conflict and Job Burnout among Nurses:the Mediating Role of Psychological Capital

目的探讨护士工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠的关系以及心理资本的中介作用,为降低职业倦怠提供理论和实践依据。方法于2013年随机抽取沈阳市10所综合性医院工作6个月以上的1 100名女性护士,应用工作家庭冲突问卷、心理资本问卷及工作倦怠问卷进行自填式问卷调查,回收有效问卷837份(76.1%)。多元分层回归分析探讨护士工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突、心理资本与工作倦怠的关系,并验证心理资本的中介作用。结果工作-家庭冲突对情绪衰竭和消极怠慢的解释变异量分别为16.8%和8.7%,引入心理资本后,解释变异量分别增加了2.0%和6.7%;家庭-工作冲突对情绪衰竭、消极怠慢和个人成就感的解释变异量分别为6.0%、14.8%和1.4%,引入心理资本后,解释变异量分别增加了1.2%、4.5%和9.0%;心理资本在工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠的关系中具有中介作用。结论护士工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突、心理资本与工作倦怠密切相关,心理资本能缓解工作家庭冲突对工作倦怠的负向影响。

Objective To explore the association of work family conflict with job burnout and the mediating role of psychological capital （PsyCap） among nurses, so as to provide theoretical and practical basis for reducing their burnout. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. Totally 1 100 female nurses worked more than 6 months from ten general hospitals in Shenyang were recruited for the study with an effective respon- dents of 837 （76.1% ）. The Work Family Conflict Scale, the Survey of Psychological Capital Questionnaire （ PCQ ） and Maslach Burnout Inventol：~ - General Survey （MBI-GS） were employed. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the associations of work-family conflict, family-work cordlict, PsyCap with job burnout, and validate the mediating role of PsyCap. Results The contribution of work-family conflict to emo- tional exhaustion and cynicism were 16.8% and 8.7%. After PsyCap was added in model, the contributions to emotional exhaustion and cynicism were added by 2.0% and 6.7%, respectively. The contribution of family-work conflict to emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional accomphsh- ment were 6.0%, 14.8%, and 1.4%, respectively. After PsyCap was added in model, the contributions to emotional exhaustion, cynicism and profes- sional accomplishment were added by 1.2%, 4.5%, and 9.0%, respectively. PsyCap had mediating roles between work-family conflict and job burn- out. Condusion Work-family conflict, family-work conflict and PsyCap were significantly associated with job burnout, and PsyCap can mediate the effects of work family conflict on job burnout among nurses.