160名早产儿成分输血及其影响因素分析

Analysis of transfusion of blood components and products and its affecting factors in 160 cases of preterm infants

目的 探讨成分输血及血液制品在早产儿治疗中的合理应用。方法 对本院2010年1月～2010年12月收治的160例早产儿成分输血治疗及血液制品应用进行回顾性研究,分析早产儿住院期间接受成分输血及血液制品的次数、用量与感染、贫血、黄疸、出凝血功能异常等临床影响因素之间的相关性。结果 160例早产儿中接受成分输血及血液制品共93例,约占58.1%。部分早产儿同时接受多种或单种多次血液制品输注。输血组患儿平均住院时间明显长于对照组（P〈0.01）。胎龄小于32周早产组接受成分输血几率高于其他胎龄组（P〈0.01）,极低出生体重儿接受成分输血几率高于其他体重组（P〈0.01）。各种输血成分中以红细胞应用最多,共60例次;其次为白蛋白,46例次;血小板应用率最低,2例次。各种临床影响因素中贫血60例,发生率37.5,感染34例,发生率21.3%,黄疸32例,发生率20.0%,出凝血功能异常合并消化道出血20例,发生率12.5%。结论 早产儿住院期间接受成分输血及血液制品应用与其住院日呈正相关。胎龄越小,出生体重越低,成分输血几率越高。所有成分输血中以红细胞应用率最高。相关临床影响因素中贫血最常见。

Objective To investigate the rational application of blood components and products transfusion in treatments of premature infants. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on the medical records of 160 premature infants admit- ted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou Medical College from January 2010 to December 2010. The relationship of the quantity and amounts of blood components and products for clinical usage and the clinical affecting factors, such as infection, anemia,jaundice and abnormality in coagulant function,was analyzed. Results Among 160 eases of preterm infants, ninety-three received blood transfusion, totaling 58.1%. Some received more than one kind of blood component more than once. The average hospitalization time of those accepted blood transfusion Was notably longer than those who did not receive blood transfusion （P 〈0. 01 ）. The probabilities of blood transfusion were higher in the preterm infants of less than 32 gestational weeks and extremely low birth weights, Among all blood components, the utilization rate of RBC was thor highest. Conclusion There was a positive correlation between the probability of blood transfusion and the average hospitalization time. The less the gestationai weeks and the lower birth weights, the higher probability for premature infants to receive blood transfusions. Among all the clinical factors on the usage of blood components and products, anemia constitutes the most common determinant.