微/纳米马达在生物传感中的应用

The Application of Micro/Nanomotor in Biosensing

微/纳米马达是近年来发展的一种可自主运动的新型微/纳米材料,它制备简单、形态多样、可批量化生产,已逐渐应用于生物样品分析及药物运输等领域。由于生物样品成分复杂,传统检测常常需要多步清洗和分离,操作繁琐、耗时较长。微/纳米马达具有自主运动的特性,通过表面生物功能化,可制备成动态的微型生物传感器,实现多种生物分子如核酸、蛋白质、糖蛋白等的实时、快速和灵敏检测。本文总结了近几年微/纳米马达的发展及其在生物传感中的应用,并展望了其在生物分析中的应用前景。

Micro/nanomotors are newly developed micro/nanoscale autonomous materials, and have been gradually applied in many fields such as bioanalysis and drug delivery owing to the advantages of simple preparation and mass production. By template-based electrodeposition and mechanical etching, micro/ nanomotors in different shapes and compositions have been prepared. The most developed micro/nanomotors are asymmetric nanowire and microsphere and conical tube based motors. The motor based micro/nano biosensors can be prepared easily by functionalizing the motors with specific bioreceptors. Due to the complexity of the biological sample composition, traditional detection methods are often time-consuming and complicated because of multi cleaning and separation steps. However, benefiting from the unique property of autonomic movement, the motor based micro/nano biosensors can recognize, isolate and enrich target biomolecules from untreated sample solutions autonomously, hence realize the rapid, sensitive and in situ detection of target biomolecules such as DNA, protein, cell and so on. Generally, the micro/nanomotors can be propelled by chemical and field energies, for example, chemical reactions, magnetic field and ultrasound. In this review, we briefly introduce the motion mechanism of different micro/nanomotors, summarize the recent advances of micro/nanomotor-based biosensing applications in protein, DNA and cell detection and drug delivery, and prospect the future development of artificial micro/nanomotors.