新建民航机场吸引鸟类原因的探讨

Investigation of the causes of attracting birds at the newly established civil aviation airports

2010年5月至2011年4月,采用样带法对二连浩特赛乌苏国际机场围界内草地及周边7 km范围内的鸟类种类、数量及群落组成进行了调查。在机场围界内草地记录到鸟类42种,在围界外草地记录到鸟类18种。围界外草地主要有角百灵、短趾百灵、毛腿沙鸡等适应于干旱草原生境栖息的鸟类;而围界内草地不仅有围界外的鸟类,还增加了灰斑鸠、喜鹊、猎隼、赤颈鸭等在建筑物、林地及湿地栖息的鸟类。机场围界内草地鸟类的种类、数量、密度和多样性指数均显著高于机场围界外。研究表明,新建民航机场吸引鸟类的主要原因是机场建设后形成了生物量较高的次生植被环境,此外也与机场管理和周围建筑物有关,可通过人工加快植被次生演替、全封闭管理垃圾废弃物、人为驱赶等驱鸟措施减少新建机场对鸟类的吸引。

The paper is inclined to make an investigation of the reason why the newly built airports attracting more birds by taking Erenhot Saiwusu International Airport, Inner Mongolia, as a case study sample. Our study was done from May 2010 to April 2011 in the new airport and its surrounding areas standing within the range of 7 km by the llne transect method. We used to study the bird species diversity, the community structure of over 10 aviation airports in Inner Mongolia, and the results tell us that new civil airports attract more birds. However, what we want to know is to find the reasons why the newly built-up civil airports have greater attractive power for the birds. In our survey, we have investigated the bird species, the bird numbers and their community constitutions. The results of our survey indicate that there are 18 bird species living in the outside perimeter grassland, such as Eremophila alpestris , Calandrella cheleensis , Syrrhaptes paradoxus, who have adapted themselves to the dry grassland climate. There are totally 42 bird species recorded in the airside perimeter grassland. That is to say, at the airside perimeter grass-land, there are not only the birds of the outside perimeter grassland, but also the Streptopelia decaocto , Pica pica, Falco cherrug , Anas Penelope inhabiting the buildings, the forestland and the wetland conditions nearly. The bird species, numbers, density and community diversity index in the airside perimeter grassland prove to be more higher than those in the outside perimeter grassland. For the airport workers to take effective measures conveniently, we have worked out the reasons why the newly built civil aviation airports are more attracting for birds. The reason can be mainly thought that the new airports enjoy a more favorable biomass of the secondary vegetation environment than the old ones. In addition, it is also related to the management and running of the surrounding buildings and departments of the airport. Based on the above research findings, we have come up with some corresponding proposals on the airport environment management and proper artificial bird-interfering systems. And, finally, we have worked out effective controlling measures such as artificially accelerating vegetation secondary succession, and providing with fully enclosed garbage waste management so as to reduce the attraction for the birds and the bird striking disasters in the newly founded airports.