企业群体行为安全观测技术体系理论与实践探讨

Study on the theory and practice of behavior safety observation system to enterprise group

行为安全观测是企业安全文化建设的落脚点,是实现事故预防的重要手段。在梳理行为安全相关文献基础上,引入行为矫正、应用心理学等理论方法,提炼了企业群体行为安全观测技术体系,该体系包括行为安全观测规划技术、关键行为筛选技术、行为安全观测技术、沟通与干预技术、行为观测数据统计与反馈技术及行为安全观测整体提升技术等。将企业群体行为安全观测技术体系应用到某试点矿9个工种进行观测试验,先后进行两次观测,观测时间均为1个周期(4周为1个周期);并对被观测群体对观测试验的有效性进行问卷调查。结果表明,9个工种经过两次行为观测试验后,其作业中安全行为次数除推车工没有增长外,其他工种均有所增长,增长幅度依次为信号工(6.67%)、耙矸机司机(6.15%)、挂钩工(6.02%)、绞车工(5.81%)、喷浆工(5.33%)、挖进工(4.35%)、爆破工(3.57%)、机电维修工(3.53%);两次观测周期行为安全整体趋势对比中,第1次观测增长30.19%,第2次观测增长32.91%。同时,有效性问卷调查表明,被调查群体基本对观测试验非常了解的占80%,一般了解占17%,不太熟悉的占3%;85%的人通过观测试验对行为安全更加关注,其中20%的人对开展行为安全观测试验提出了建议。

Behavior safety observation is the basis of enterprise safety culture construction, and it is an important means to prevent all the accidents. On the basis of combing the literature of behavior safe, draw into theories and methods of behavior modification, applicated psychology, refining enterprise group behavior safety observation system, the system includes behavior safety observation planning technology, critical behaviors screening technology, safety behavior observation technology, communication and intervention techniques, behavior observation data analysis and feedback technology, integral lifting technology of behavior safety observation, and so on. The en- terprise group behavior safety observation system applicated to a pilot mine where there 9 types to begin a observation experiment, the experiment has carried out 2 times of observation, observation time is 1 cycles （g weeks for 1 cycles） ; and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the effectiveness of the observed group for observation tests. The results showed that, 9 types after two times test, safety behavior times of all types have increased, besides the headsman, in turn the growth rate as, signal workers （6.67%）, harrow gangue driver （ 6.15 % ）, flatman （ 6.02 % ）, winch （ 5.81% ）, spraying cutter lathe work （5.33%）, dig into the industry （4.35%）, blast- ing engineering （3.57 % ）, mechanical and electrical repair workers （3.53 % ）;the overall trend contrast of the two times observation experiment, the first growth is 30.19%, the second times growth is 32.91% . At the same time, The questionnaire results show the investigated group understand to observation test accounted for 80 %, generally about 17%, not too familiar with the accounting for 3%; through experiments, among 85% pay more attention to behavior safe, among 20% people put forward to suggestions on behavior safety observation test.