从生存型救助到发展型救助——社会工作视角下失独家庭的救助策略

From "Survival Social Assistance" to "Developmental Social Assistance"——Assistance strategy of the only-child-died families under perspective of social work

失独家庭是政策风险、社会风险的产物。对失独家庭的社会救助需要融入社会工作的价值理念和专业方法,将现有的注重经济支援的"生存型救助"策略转向关注失独家庭成长的"发展型救助"策略。针对失独家庭个体情绪、家庭发展以及社会再适应等生存困境,从微观、中观和宏观三个系统进行介入,帮助失独家庭挖掘自身潜能,恢复家庭功能,最终走出多重困境,实现社会再适应和自我实现的目标。

The only-child-died families are products of policy risk and social risk.The social assistance on the families should be integrated with values and professional approaches of social work,and transform 'survival social assistance' strategy to ' developmental social assistance' strategy.Developmental social assistance should focus on survival predicaments of the only-child-died families,such as the individual emotions,family development and social re-adaptation and so on,and be involved in the micro levels,mezzo levels and macro levels.It will help the only-child-died families to develop their self-potential mostly,to recovery the functions of families,and to realize their developing targets.