黑龙江省不同积温带水稻产量差异分析

Rice Yield Comparison Among Different Accumulated Temperature Zones in Heilongjiang Province

利用黑龙江省1951-2012年不同积温带18个气象观测站的气温资料和水稻产量统计资料,通过2011和2012年黑龙江省不同积温带水稻田间试验,用统计分析方法对不同积温带下水稻产量构成及穗部性状表现差异进行分析。结果表明,分析期内黑龙江省年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温显著升高,线性倾向率分别为0.512、0.258和0.478℃·10a-1(均通过0.05水平的显著性检验);各积温带相比,气温相对较低的第六积温带升幅最大,积温越低线性趋势倾向率越大,气温与水稻产量的相关性也越大。不同积温带产量构成要素与产量的相关系数由高到低依次为穗粒数>结实率>穗数>千粒重,除千粒重外其它指标的差异均显著。所选穗部性状中多数指标与水稻单产呈显著或极显著正相关,相关性依次为着粒密度>二次枝梗数>二次枝梗粒数>一次枝梗结实率>一次枝梗数>一次枝梗粒数。生产上可根据相应指标进行优化以便在不同积温带上获得高产。

Based on temperature data from 18 meteorological stations in different accumulated temperature zone （ATZ）,statistics of rice yields in 1951-2012 and rice field trials in 2011 and 2012,rice yields variation and yield components were analyzed in different accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang province.The results showed that the annual average temperature,annual average maximum and minimum temperature increased at the rate of 0.512℃ · 10y-1（P 〈 0.05）,0.258℃ · 10y-1 （P 〈 0.05） and 0.478 C · 10y-1 （P 〈 0.05） in Heilongjiang province respectively.The temperature was relative lower in the sixth accumulated temperature zone,but it increased obviously.And the higher linear trend ratio was,the more significant correlation with rice yield was.The correlation coefficient of the yield and yield components from high to low was GNPP （grain number per panicle） 〉 SSR （seed setting rate） 〉 NP （number panicles） 〉 TGW （1000-grain weight）,and all of them showed significant differences except for TGW.There was significant positive correlation between the character of panicle and rice yield,which was sequencing as GD （grains density） 〉 NSB （number of secondary branches） 〉 SB-NG （secondary branches-number of grains per panicle） 〉 PB-SSR （primary branches-SSR） 〉 NPB （number of primary branches） 〉 PB-NG （primary branches-number of grains per panicle）.The results could provide the basis of scientific theory for rice breeding and cultivation practices in different temperature zones in Heilongjiang province.