神经外科 ICU 医院感染的危险因素分析及护理控制对策

Analysis of risk factors and control measures of hospital infection in the department of neurosurgery ICU

目的：分析神经外科ICU患者医院感染的危险因素，并提出相应的控制对策。方法选取我院2009年3月至2014年3月收治的240例神经外科ICU患者为研究对象，分析其感染的种类，对可能导致感染的危险因素进行单因素和多因素回归分析，并提出相应的控制对策。结果术后共发生医院感染16例，共18例次，感染率为6．7％，例次感染率为7．5％。其中以呼吸道感染最多9例占56．3％。其次为泌尿道感染4例占25．0％。年龄、手术时间、气管插管/切开、放置引流管/导尿管、机械通气、ICU住院时间、糖尿病是神经外科ICU医院感染的危险因素，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。年龄≥60岁，手术时间≥3 h，气管插管/切开、放置引流管/导尿管、ICU住院时间、糖尿病是独立危险因素，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论神经外科ICU患者是医院感染的高发人群，必须提高警惕，控制危险因素，以降低感染的发生。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of hospital infection in department of neurosurgery ICU, and put forward some corresponding countermeasures.Methods From March 2009 to March 2014 in our hospital 240 cases of ICU patients in department of neuro-surgery were selected as the study object, the kinds of infection and risk factors that may lead to infection were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis, and put forward some corresponding countermeasures.Results There were 16 cases of hospital infection, a total of 18 cases, the infection rate was 6.7%, case infection rate was 7.5%.The respiratory tract infection was the most, 9 cases, accoun-ted for 56.3%.Secondly, urinary tract infection, 4 cases, accounting for 25.0%.Age, operation time, tracheal intubation /incision, drain-age /catheter, mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, diabetes was hospital infection risk factors of the department of neurosurgery ICU （ P〈0.05） .Age ≥60, operation time≥3h, tracheal intubation /incision, drainage /catheter, ICU length of stay, diabetes were independent risk factors （ P〈0.05） .Conclusions ICU patients in department of neurosurgery is the high risk population of hospital infections, it must enhance vigilance, control risk factors to decrease the incidence of infection.