威廉·钱伯斯和他的中国园林观

Sir William Chambers and His Perceptions of Traditional Chinese Gardens

苏格兰著名的建筑师、风景园林师威廉·钱伯斯爵士曾两度造访中国,对中国的园林、建筑有深刻的认识,并写下了轰动一时的著作《中国建筑、家具、服饰、机械和器皿设计》和《东方园林论》。著作中描述了他对中国传统园林艺术独到的理解与分析,同时,钱伯斯还进行了相应的实践探索,使他在18世纪西方"中国风"流行时期的园林艺术变革中扮演了重要的角色,对英中式园林的产生起了主要的推动作用。通过梳理钱伯斯与中国园林有关的个人经历,分析、总结他著作中的中国园林观和借鉴中国风格所进行的园林设计实践,挖掘其理论与实践在西方各国产生的实际影响,最后讨论钱伯斯的相关成果对当今中国园林设计的重要意义。

Sir William Chambers,a famous Scottish architect and landscape architect,visited China twice. Deeply impressed by traditional Chinese gardens and architecture,he wrote two well-known works： Designs of Chinese Buildings,Furniture,Dresses,Machines,and Utensils and A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening. In his books,Chambers described his original understanding and analysis of China＇s traditional gardening art. Meanwhile Chambers also did some practical explorations,which allowed him to play an important role in the landscape art revolution of chinoiserie trend during the 18 th century,and stimulated the emergence of jardin anglo-chinois. By sorting out Chambers＇ s experiences related to China＇s traditional gardens,analyzing and summarizing his perceptions of traditional Chinese garden in his theoretical works,and introducing his practice of garden design using Chinese style gardening as references,this paper explores the real influence of his theories and practices in western countries.Finally,the great significance of Chambers＇ achievements to today＇s landscape design is discussed.