503例血液病患者医院感染的临床特征分析

Clinical analysis on Hematological characteristics of nosocomial infection from 503 cases

目的探讨血液病患者医院感染的临床特征,为预防控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法采用前瞻性与回顾性相结合的方法对4 309例血液病科患者进行调查,对发生医院感染病例监测资料进行分析。结果 503例血液病患者发生医院感染,医院感染发生率为11.7%;感染部位以呼吸道感染居首位,为59.7%;病原菌中革兰阴性杆菌占52.7%,革兰阳性球菌占34.5%,真菌占12.7%;年龄、化疗、白细胞低、侵入性操作、抗菌药物的使用及住院天数等因素均是发生医院感染的危险因素。结论血液病患者感染危险因素较多,增加了感染发生的概率,应根据其疾病特点采取积极、全面综合性防控措施,有效控制医院感染的发生。

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of the blood ward patients complicate by the nosocomial infections.Methods 4 309 patients with blood diseases were analyzed by prospective and retro-spective methods.Results The nosocomial infections occurred in 503 patients with incidence rate of 11.7%.The respiratory tract was the most commonly infected site （59.7%）.Among the pathogenic bacteria,the infec-tion rate of Gram negative bacteria,Gram positive bacteria and fungi were 52.7%,34.5% and 12.7%;the age was 60 years old over,chemotherapy,low neutrophil count,invasive operation,prophylactic use of antibiotics,which were the related factors for the nosocomial infections.Conclusion Hospitalized patients with hematologic disease encounters more risk factors of being infected,which largely increases the infec-tion rate.Therefore,in order to prevent the infections,it is important to adopt the active and effective pro-tective measures among the doctors and nurses based on the characteristics of this disease.