物探技术在活动性断裂勘察的方法研究

The Methods Study of the Geophysical Technology in Active Faults Survey

研究目的:活动断层能引起多种自然灾害,如地震、砂土液化等地震灾害和断错、地裂缝等地质灾害。因此,研究活断层的勘察方法对于铁路建设防灾减灾而言显得尤其重要。为减轻活断层灾害和确保工程安全,物探先行,在铁路勘测阶段,通过对活动性断裂及其勘探方法进行系统的分析研究,提高勘察质量,查明沿线活动性断裂的空间分布及其延伸情况,为活动断裂工程评价铁路选线、工程设计等提供依据。本文结合胶新铁路和京沈客专等勘察项目,研究物探技术在活动性断裂勘察中所发挥的作用。研究结论:(1)物探采用地震映像法、密点距电测深可有效地查明活动性断裂的浅部位置分布;(2)采用地震反射可查清中、深部断裂发育延伸情况及特征;(3)采用测氡法既可查明由活动断层引起的地裂缝在近地表的分布情况,又可对断裂的活动性进行分析评价;(4)本文研究结论可为同类活动性断裂和地裂缝勘察提供借鉴。

Research purposes： Active faults can cause a variety of natural disasters,the earthquake disasters like earthquake,sand liquefaction and the geological disasters like dislocation,ground fissure. So,the research of active faults is very important to prevent and reduce natural disasters. For the purpose of reducing the active faults disaster and ensuring the project safety,through the study of the active faults and the survey methods,geophysical workers must find out the spatial distribution and extension of the active faults to provide the basis for evaluation of seismic risk,geological hazard assessment and railway location in the new railway survey. This paper,combining with Jiaozhou- Xinyi railway and Beijing- Shenyang passenger dedicated railway survey project,researches the effect of geophysical technology in active faults survey.Research conclusions：（ 1） By using seismic imaging method and dense point electric sounding the geophysical workers could find out the distribution of active faults near- surface.（ 2） By using seismic reflection the geophysical workers could find out the extending circumstances and characteristics of active faults in the medium- deep.（ 3） By using radon measurement the geophysical workers could find out the distribution of the ground fissure near- surface,and evaluate activity of the active faults.（ 4） The research results could provide reference for study of the same class active faults and ground fissure.