上海自贸区给物流业发展带来的机遇与挑战

Opportunities and Challenges Brought by China(Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone to the Development of Logistics Industry

上海自贸区设立一年多来,聚焦投资管理、贸易管理、金融管理、事中事后监管四大领域改革,取得了巨大成功。对上海自贸区物流业运作成绩及经验教训进行总结发现:自贸区的设立促进了进出口贸易量的增长,带来了物流量的增大,但由于我国物流企业缺乏国际竞争力,在垮境电商物流、海外仓物流配送服务方面主要依靠外资企业,必须加快发展垮境电商物流;自贸区环境特别是管理创新、制度创新,有利于物流企业转型发展,但物流企业如何"借势升级",并未引起高度关注,服务模式、服务质量、服务品牌成熟并具有囯际竞争力的物流企业还十分欠缺;自贸区作为一个供应链集成平台,促进了制造业的集聚与进出口贸易的集聚,带动了各种要素市场的集聚,推动了物流业的集聚,但在处理自贸区区内外关系、科学协调"五流"一体化、构建产品供应链与服务供应链、推进绿色供应链等方面还存在较大差距;自贸区的设立极大地推动了区域经济的发展,带动了上海国际物流枢纽的形成,但由于国家综合运输体系尚不完善,自贸区海铁联运比例低,国际中转比例低,其区域扩散作用有待进一步提高;自贸区的"生产+贸易+金融+物流"模式,特别是各种服务创新与制度创新,为物流企业腾飞插上了翅膀,但总体看自贸区"亲商、营商"环境仍然不足。为更好地推动上海自贸区发展,建议随着中国经济的常态化发展,要充分估计进出口贸易与垮境投资新挑战;要把上海自贸区的试验推广到珠江三角洲与环渤海地区,形成南、北、中三足鼎立格局;要高度重视"全球供应链绩效指数",对照"全球供应链绩效指数"六大指标,找差距,提措施,促进上海自贸区更好更快发展,更好地与世界接轨。

It has been one year since the establishment of China （Shanghai） Pilot Free Trade Zone; and we have made great achievements in such four fields of reform as investment management, trade management, finance management and oversight over delegated matters when they are being handled and after they have been handled. From the achievements and experiences of logistic operation in the Free Trade Zone, we found that the trade volume and logistic volume has been increased because of the establishment of the Free Trade Zone, but because of the lack of international competitiveness, we should accelerate the development of cross-border e-business logistics~ the environment of the Free Trade Zone is beneficial to the transformation and development of logistics enterprises, but there is the lack of logistics enterprises with international competitiveness; as the platform of supply chain integration, the establishment of the Free Trade Zone promotes the agglomeration of manufacturing industry and export and import, leads the agglomeration of all sorts of markets for factors of production, and promotes the agglomeration of logistics industry, but we still lagged behind in terms of dealing with relations, correlating the integration of ＂five flows＂, constructing the supply chain of products and service, and promoting the development of green supply chain; the establishment of the Free Trade Zone promotes the development of regional development, leads the formation of Shanghai international logistic hub, but because of the imperfect national transformation system, the low percentage of multimodal transformation and international transfer transportation, the diffusion effect should be further improved; the pattern of ＂production ＋ trade ＋ finance ＋ logistics＂ in the Free Trade Zone, especially the service and institutional innovation, promotes the development of logistics enterprises, but the environment should be further promoted. To better promote the development of China （Shanghai） Free Trade Zone, we should fully understand the new challenges in export and import and cross-border investment, popularize the experiences of this pilot project and pay more attention to ＂the Index of Global Supply China Performance＂ to find out the gaps and put forward countermeasures to promote the quick and sound development of China （Shanghai） Free Trade Zone and to be integrated with the world.