西藏阿里地区噶尔县故如甲木墓地2012年发掘报告

THE EXCAVATION OF THE GURUGYAM CEMETERY IN GAR COUNTY,NGARI PREFECTURE,TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION IN 2012

故如甲木墓地位于西藏阿里地区噶尔县门士乡故如甲木寺旁，东距乡政府所在地15公里，北纬31°7”45’，东经80°38”26’，海拔4300米。象泉河自东向西流经此地，与南、北两条小河——曲那河和曲嘎河交汇于一点，卡尔东城址位于交汇点处一座小山的山顶。

In June through August 2012, the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Cultural Relics Conservation Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region jointly conducted the first excavation to the Gurugyam Cemetery located in Moincer Township, Gar County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region. The excavation recovered an ancient burial in front of the gate of the Gurugyam Monastery of B6n School ;in the area within 20 m around this burial, other three larger burials were successively found and excavated. All of these burials were vertical stone chamber tombs about 4-6 m deep. They formed the deepest and most densely arranged large-sized burial group discovered to date in Ngari Prefecture, which is even very rare in the entire Tibet Autonomous Region. From these tombs, silk tex- tiles, small-sized gold masks, bronzes, iron and wooden objects and large amount of animal bones were unearthed. The silk textiles are the first found in the archaeological activities in Tibet, and also the earliest silk products found to date on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The brocade with bird-and-beast designs and ＂Wang Hou （Kings and Marquises）＂ characters wo- ven as part of patterns reflected the social rank of the occupants of these burials and the cultural relationship of this area with southern Xinjiang. The u-shaped wooden comb, wooden tray with four legs, fire-making appliances, straw-woven utensils and other grave goods