超越私人:马克思的公人思想及其规范意义探究

Transcend the Private Person:On the Public Person of Karl Marx's and Its Normative Meaning

私人和公人都是指个体的人,是个体的人在不同社会关系下的体现。马克思把以私人财产权为核心的个人称为私人,把以平等政治权利为核心的个人称为公人。私人是资产阶级人权的实质,而公人在资产阶级社会中体现了人与人之抽象统一。马克思批判资产阶级政治解放不够彻底。这种不彻底既体现在人作为私人和公人的分裂上,也体现在资本主义社会把私人视为人的真正状态、从而使得公人服从于私人,公人只具有抽象的普遍性。马克思把公人视为人的真正状态,但是这种公人却不是局限于政治领域的抽象的人,而是深入到经济社会领域的相互共享的人。如果说资产阶级社会中人的原型是私人,那么共产主义社会中人的原型便应该是公人。马克思的公人具有重要的规范意义。

Both the private man and the public man are the individual who is embodtect unaer the different social relations. Karl Marx called the individual the private man who is based to the private property right and named the individual the public man who is grounded into the equally political right. The private man is the essence of the bourgeois human rights as well as the public man represents the abstract unification among the human being in capitalistic society. Karl Marx criticized the limitation of political liberation initiated by the bourgeoisie who divides the private man and the public man as well as treats the private as the real man, resulting the public man to subject to the private man. Karl Marx treated the public man as the real man who is not only con- fined to the abstract man in political sphere, but also deepen into the man with reciprocal share in economical-social sphere. If the private man is the prototype of the human being in capitalist soci- ety, then the public man is the prototype of the human being in communist society. The public man has the important normative meaning in Karl Marx＇s thought.