理解自由的第三条道路——论伯林的自由观及其人性论基础

The Third Way of Understanding Freedom——On Berlin's Idea of Freedom and Human Nature Theory Basis

伯林在后形而上学的视域中坚持对个人自由的捍卫。在他看来,自由即"消极的自由"而非积极的自由,也叫"政治的自由",指一个人能够不被别人阻碍行动的领域。伯林在理性主义和浪漫主义之间实现了辩证的融合,他抛弃了理性主义的决定论及一元论逻辑而继承了其客观性的思想(即承认自由的价值),抛弃了浪漫主义的唯意志论而继承了其多元主义的积极遗产,在某种意义上提供了理解自由的第三条道路。

Berlin persisted in defending individual freedom from the horizon of post-metaphysics. In his view, freedom is Negative Freedom rather than Positive Freedom. Freedom, which is also called polit- ical freedom, refers to a state of being allowed to behave without obstruction. Berlin combined roman- ticism and rationalism dialectically. Discarding determinism and Monism logic of rationalism, he inher- ited its objective ideas which acknowledge the value Berlin inherited its pluralism. All these provide the of freedom. Discarding romanticism＇s voluntarism, third way to understand Freedom.