从布鲁姆斯伯里集团到新月派:民国自由知识分子群体的形态建构

From the Bloomsbury Group to Crescent School:The Construction of the Liberal Intellectuals in the Republic of China

布鲁姆斯伯里集团是20世纪初闻名于世的英国精英文化团体,稍后于它出现的"新月派"则是民国时期中国著名的文化团体。通过对这两个文化团体的比较可以发现,除了对理性、自由和艺术的共同尊崇,两者在组织形态建构上也有颇多相似之处。缘起于聚餐和下午茶、以友情和姻亲为主要系带的朋友间聚会,形成了这两个文化团体自由而松散的特点;优越的家庭出身和良好的学校教育背景,标志着其作为中上层精英知识分子的身份地位;沙龙、吟诗、演戏、办刊等组织活动形式,则又成为他们维系友谊、表达共同艺术诉求的载体。中英知识分子在文化身份认同与精神契合层面的这些有趣交集,显示出民国时期中国自由知识分子群体在建构形态上对于西方同类群体文化风格的有意模仿与追随。

The Bloomsbury Group was an enormously influential cultural group of elitists at the beginning of the 20th century, whereas the Crescent School which was constructed late on was a famous cultural group during the Republic of China. By comparing these two cultural groups, it can be found that, in addition to the similar tendencies of thought and art, the identity of the elite intellectuals, the salons, the magazines, the poems and the plays of the Crescent School also show their similarities with those of the Bloomsbury Group and tendency to imitate and follow the cultural style of the Western liberal intellectual group.