关于文学研究中问题的思考

Thinking about the Consciousness of Problems in Literary Research

文学研究要提出问题和对问题加以思考,文学研究没有现成的公式和模型,在研究中很大程度上就是由对问题的把握如何来决定研究价值的高低。问题意识是文学研究最核心的东西。从三方面来思考。首先,厘清什么是文学研究中的问题,它可以是文学问题,可实际上更多地是文学之外的问题,研究者需要从文学之外的角度来看文学。其次,文学研究中的问题往往是环环相关,一个问题的提出不是简单地得到是与否的答案,而是由此问题引发出来其他问题,形成一个彼此有关联的问题簇、问题群,这样一些相关问题的思考可以构成一个系统性的研究框架。其三,文学问题的提出和解答是相关的,提出问题是引出一种思考的角度,解答则是拿出相应的思考结果,各有其作用,解答并不是单纯对于提出问题的回应和解决。

Literary researchers should ask questions and have consciousness of problems in literary research.There is no ready-made formula or model in research, the research value is largely determined by how the researchers command of the problems. Problem consciousness is the core of literary research. This article is developed from three perspectives. First of all, it clarifies what problems should be covered in literary research. They can be problems of literature, but most of the time, they are promblems outside of literature. The researchers should deal with more external factors be- sides literature. Second, the problems in literary research are often all associated with one another. To put forward a problem is not simply to get a yes or no answer but to arouse more other problems, which would form a cluster or a group of problems connected to each other.Thinking about those problems would help to build a systematic research framework. Thirdly, literary problems and solutions are closely related. Raising a question is to elicit a new angle of thinking, and answering it is to expose the process and result of thinking. Both have their own roles.In a word, to an- swer a literary problem is not to response or solve it simply and directly.