从诗歌功能的演变看文人趣味之生成

The Generation of the Taste of Literati Class——From the Perspective of the Evolution of the Function of Poetry

从"趣味"或"审美趣味"的角度看,中国古代曾经经历过贵族趣味、士大夫趣味、文人趣味分别居于主导地位的历史时期。从西周之初至春秋之末是贵族趣味居于主导地位的时期;从战国之初到东汉之初是士大夫趣味居于主导地位时期;从东汉中期之后,文人趣味渐渐获得了主导地位。"文人"是士大夫阶层新产生的一种身份,"文人趣味"是这种新身份的标志。对于"文人趣味"可以从不同角度来考察,而诗歌功能的历史演变就是一个恰当的角度。

Seen from the perspective of taste or aesthetic taste, traditional China experienced the historical periods that were dominated by the taste of the nobility, the taste of the scholar-bureaucrats （shi dafu） class, and the taste of the literati class. The taste of the nobility dominated the ethos of the period from the beginning of the Western Zhou dy- nasty to the end of the Spring and Autumn period. From the beginning of the Warring States period to the start of the Eastern Han dynasty was the period dominated by the taste of the scholar-bureaucrats class. Since the middle of the East- em Hart, the taste of the literati class gradually prevailed. Literati is a new type of identity developed from the schol- ar-bureaucrats class, for which the taste of the literati class is the symbol. This taste of the literati class can be examined from different angles, an appropriate one of which is the historical evolution of the function of poetry.