清季政府与区域性经济危机的应对——以东盛和倒闭案为中心的研究

Late Qing Government's Responses to Regional Economic Crisis——Research the Dong Shenghe Firm's Bankruptcy as a Central Focus

1907年11月6日,营口叶亮卿开办的东盛和等五联号突然倒闭,波及整个营口,造成严重的区域性经济危机。面对危机,清政府在保证自身利益的前提下,几经协调、商讨,最终由户部银行筹款150万两进行救济,从而稳定了商业秩序。通过该案处理过程,能看出清政府在实际经济运作中开始发挥保护、救助经济的作用。但救济政策的出台并非一帆风顺,其中蕴含着多方考虑及利益纠葛。在应对危机过程中,新式金融机构与督抚、地方关道等部门有着不同的利益诉求,扮演着不同角色。新政时期的清王朝开始从小政府向大政府转型,政府职能在实际经济运行中得到扩展和强化。

On November 6, 1907, Ye Liangqing＇ s business groups went bankrupt and collapsed suddenly affecting all of Yingkou and causing a serious regional economic crisis. Faced with this economic crisis, the Qing government, on the premise of ensuring their own interests, after multilateral coordination and discussion ordered the Bank of the Board of Revenue to supply 1.5 million taels for relief which stabilized the commercial order. This procedure shows that the Qing government began to play a role in protecting and stabilizing the economy~ But enacting this relief policy was not a very smooth process because it took economic interests, national defense and other aspects into account. Moreover, in dealing with the crisis, the new financial institutions, governors, local customs and other departments had different interests and demands and played different roles. In brief, during the Late Qing Reforms, the Qing Dynasty began to transform from a ＂small government＂ to a ＂big government＂ expanding and strengthening in the actual operation of the economy.