岷江上游农民收入异质性及其地理影响因子

The Heterogeneity of Rural Households Incomeand Its Geographical Factors in Upper Reach of Minjiang River

引入生态学中的异质性概念,选择川西高原岷江上游作为研究区,采用变异系数、Theil指数和探索式空间数据分析方法,以乡镇作为研究单元,分析农民收入异质性及其空间分布特征。研究发现:岷江上游农民收入在2005—2010年呈现收敛趋势,县域内部乡镇间的农民收入差异是构成岷江上游收入差距的主要因素;农民人均纯收入在空间分布上存在明显的高值和低值区,高值区主要集中在南北两侧,低值区集中在中部地区,收入水平相似的乡镇呈现显著空间正相关分布格局。分析表明,地理位置、旅游资源赋存差异、交通通达条件以及2008年的汶川大地震对岷江上游各乡镇的农民收入具有显著影响,是造成农民收入差异的主要原因之一。此外,禁止开发区所在的乡镇多为高收入乡镇,说明环境保护与农民增收之间可以相互促进,由此可以认为,充分利用政策和资源优势是欠开发山区提高农民收入的有效途径。

Upper Reach of Minjiang River,located in the western plateau of Sichuan province, China, was selected for study. This paper introduced the concept of heterogeneity, which is used in the field of ecology, adopting Theil index decomposition ,variable coefficient and ESDA methods, the heterogeneity and its spatial distribution of rural household per capita annual income was analyzed. The results demonstrated that ： （ 1 ） the per capita annual income of rural household heterogeneityshown converged trend in the study areafrom 2005 to 2010, and the within-county disparities is the significant component of the overall regional inequalities ; （2） high income area concentrated mainly in the north and south of upper reach of Minjiang River, while the low concentrated in the central. Significant positive correlation and agglomeration trend are shown in per capita annual income though Moran＇s and local Moran＇ s I index analysis ; （ 3 ） it is shown that geographical location and altitude, natural tourism resources, accessibility of traffic condition and Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 et al, are significant factors influencing per capita annual income in the upper Minjiang River; （4）those townships which covered by National park and World nature Heritage site was classify development-prohibited zonesaccording to the plan of National Major Function Zoning, are located in high income area. It is shown that there are noirreconcilable contradictions between economic development and ecological environment protection in development-prohibited zones, where improved income level of rural household per eapita by developing environmental industry and national fiscal transfer payment are available.