西秦岭地区农户生计改变对生态建设的影响——以甘肃省陇南市为例

The Effect of Peasant Household Livelihood Changes on Ecological Civilization Construction in Western Qinling Area——Longnan of Gansu

以西秦岭典型地区甘肃省陇南市为案例区,分析了农户生计改变与生态文明建设的关系,探讨了以农户生计改善为目标的生态文明建设思路。在揭示陇南市生态文明建设面临生产和生活空间不足、生态环境脆弱、农村贫困面大和传统资源利用模式普遍等主要难点的基础上,利用第六次人口普查和陇南市武都区农户问卷调查数据,分析了1999年退耕还林以来在农户生计五大资本方面发生的变化,以及农户生计改变对生态文明建设的影响。研究认为,理想状态下,农户生计能力的提升对提高国土空间利用效率、促进资源利用节约、改善生态环境有益。但陇南市因自然环境困境,在农户生计能力提升的同时,也存在一些阶段性的问题。针对这些问题,陇南市应树立以生态促发展、以农业促发展的思路,努力提升农户生计水平,为构筑有效率的空间结构,建立资源节约型社会体系提供支撑。

The paper took Longnan which is a ship of peasant household livelihood changes typical area of western Qinling area as a case, analyzed the relationwith ecological civilization construction, and explored ecological progress ideas with the goal of improvement in the livelihood of farmers. With the basis of DEM data with 30 m spatial resolution and remote sensing data of land use, and relevant research materials, the article analyzed Longnan ＂Sansei Space＂ （production space, living space, ecological space） structure, economic and social development, ecological environment characteristics and resource utilization, and found that there are four major difficulties of ecological civilization at Longnan ： Firstly, in spite of large space, living and production space are insufficient to build spatial structure with agglomerative economies effect. Secondly, ecological environment protection is really heavy because of fragile ecosystems. Thirdly, due to high incidence of poverty in Longnan, the effectiveness of ecological construction policies may offset. Fourthly, the general traditional patterns of resource use is limited to factors including technique, environment for employing saving resource utilization. Accessing Longnan peasant household livelihood changes in five aspects since the implement of ＂Grain for Green＂ （GfG） in 1999, the effect of those transforms on ecological civilization construction was analyzed by the sixth census data and household survey data in Wudu District. It shows that, since the GfG launched, farmers＇liveexperienced dramatic changes： such as cultivated land reduced and planting structure shifted, labor force decreased while the burden coefficient rose, income increased as livelihood strategies diversified, the ratio of production tools expenditure declined , whereas the ratio of family high-grade comsuption goods expenditure rised, infrastructure investment rapidly increased and external communications grew. The conclusion believed that, lifting the rural livelihoods, ideally, is beneficial to enhance the efficiency of land utilization, promote the economical use of resources, and better the ecological environment. As Longnan peasant household livelihood improved, the ecological and intensive agriculture production space is developing, the resource utilization also tend to be diversified, as well as the whole ecological environment has gradually recovered. However, there still exist some stage-related problems, for example, high density living space of central city, ＂hollowization＂ of rural production and living space, and environmental deterioration at part area. So, for those matters, the construction of ecological civilization in Longnan should take the following points into account：1. Maintain the diversifying farmers＇ livelihood, improve peasants＇ livelihoods ability. 2. Develop industries with local advantages, and promote the transformation of land use patterns. 3. Plan the population and industrial agglomeration in those areas that have better conditions, establish a dispersed with moderately concentrated urbanization patterns. 4. The exploitation of mineral resources should be used effectively, and suit to local conditions, encourage large relevant enterprises and local departments to establish a benefit-sharing exploitation mode. 5. Continue to strengthen outreach channel construction, speed up the network layout optimization. 6. Assess and research the carrying capability on resources and environment, to provide a scientific basis for building long-term ecological civilization construction and institution construction.