基于雷达监测河川径流的测量及算法

Measurement and Arithmetic of River Runoff Based on Radar Monitoring

祁连山大野口流域由于水流急、河面宽,修筑量水堰有一定的难度,准确监测河川径流成了流域水量平衡和涵养水源功能机理研究的障碍。通过大野口流域雷达测流处水面比降、河川横断面面积、水力半径、流速仪实测流量、糙率和谢才系数等一系列测量和计算,可得出雷达监测水位与相应的河川径流量的函数关系式,并绘制出水位流量图。结果表明:雷达测流处水面平均比降为0.028;河川最大洪水断面宽13.4 m,高1.32 m;河川横断面糙率的平均值为0.059;雷达监测水位与相应的河川径流量的函数关系式为Q=0.0018H2-0.0206H(R2=0.9994),该关系式可有效解决修筑量水堰较难而利用雷达监测河川径流的难题。通过研究,可为中等流域尺度上进一步揭示水源涵养功能机理及其流域产流机制提供参考和科学依据,是实现未来水资源可持续开发利用的基础工作,其对认知特定区域水文过程的演变规律,保障内陆河流域水资源合理开发,维持河西地区农业可持续发展具有重要意义。

There was difficult in constructing measuring because river was very big, and difficult in observation on function of water conservation in multi-scale basin. face slope, cross section area, hydraulic radius, current weir in Dayekou basin of Qilian Mountains, Gansu, China rivers runoff,which obstructed the development of research In this article, through measuring and calculating water surmeter measurement flow, roughness and chezy coefficient at radar monitoring in Dayekou basin of Qilian Mountains, and concluded that corresponding function relation between radar monitoring water level and volume of runoff, and mapped out of stage-discharge. The results showed that average water surface slope was 0. 028. The largest section of rivers flood was 13.4 m wide and 1.32 m high. The roughness of rivers cross was 0. 059 of average. The function relation between the level of radar monitoring water and the corresponding river runoff was that Q was 0.0018 H2 -0. 0206 H （RE = 0.9994） ,and this formula could effectively solve the problem of river runoff by using of radar for monitoring that there was more difficult in construction measuring weir. The paper had provided the reference and the scientific basis for accurately monitoring and researching basin river runoff,and revealing the mechanism of the function of water conservation and watershed runoff mechanism . This research would be basic work for sustainable exploiting and utilizing water resources in future, and great significance on perceiving evolving law of hydrological processes in a particular area, and ensuring water resources rational development in the continental river basin, maintaining agricultural sustainable development in Hexi region.