新疆哈萨克族儿童哈汉双语的语言发展特点

The Developmental Features of the Kazak and Chinese Languages in Kazak Children in Xinjiang

文章根据哈萨克语和汉语这一对语言组合,使用定量研究的方法对10名在新疆乌鲁木齐居住的哈萨克族儿童0—3岁期间的纵向语料进行实证研究。研究结果表明,哈萨克族双语儿童0—3岁期间的母语和第二语言习得都是一个有规律的从具体到抽象,由简单到复杂的过程。其中所涉及语法领域都是以母语哈萨克语为基础的句法转移。第二语言汉语对母语哈萨克语几乎没有影响。哈萨克族双语儿童习得汉语中出现一些特殊问题原因是新疆地区混合民族家庭比例很低,而大多数少数民族在家庭当中主要使用本民族语言,比较大的哈汉语言差异。

This paper studied the developmental features of the Kazak and Chinese languages manifested by 10 Kazak bilingual children in their first 3 years. The results showed that they exhibited a regular development process of the two languages： from the abstract and to the easy, and from the simple to the complicated. The grammar areas involved are syntactic transformation from their mother tongue, the Kazak language. The second language, the Chinese language, produces almost no influence on their mother tongue. The special features in acquiring the Chinese language by the Kazak bilingual children is due to the low percentage of mixed ethnic families in Xinjiang, the predominant use of the Kazak language in the families, and the drastic linguistic differences between the two languages.