对中国近代史上革命与改良的再认识——民族复兴的视角

Revolution and Reform in Modern History of China:Perspective of National Rejuvenation

革命与改良既是人类社会变革的基本方式,也是近代中国社会各阶层探索国家生存发展出路的主要手段。二者无高下优劣之别,亦非对立排斥的关系。如果说"五四"前革命与改良的更替推进,乃中国社会各阶层在探索国家出路初期对各种民族复兴方案的不断比较和试验,或者说各种政治力量对时代话语权激烈争夺之表现的话,那么"五四"后革命主体性的形成,则是改良道路一再受阻及其试验过的各种救国方案难以展开,以及民族危机不断加深背景下民众诉求和心态发生变化的结果。近代中国革命与改良的反复实践,实质上是对旗帜、道路和主导力量的不断选择,解决举什么旗、走什么路和由谁来领导的根本问题。

Revolution and reform is not only the basic way of the transformation of human society, but also the main means by which all classes explore the way of national survival and development in modern China. Revolution and reform is neither superior to each other, nor the opposite relationship. The alternate propulsion of revolution and reform before May 4th Movement of 1919 was the constant comparison and test to various saving plans in early days, and the competition in various political forces. After May 4th Move ment, revdution formed its subjuctivity status, which of reform repeatedly block and its saving plans not implement, as well as the c was due to the road hanges of the social mentality and demands along with the gradual deepening of national crisis. The repeated practice of revolution and reform in modern China, essentially was the constant choice of banners, plan and the leading force, resolving the fundamental problems for flag, road and leadership.