广西莪术优良种质资源植株形态和药材性状的对比分析

Contrastive Analysis of Morphological Characters and Character of High-quality Curcuma Kwangsiensis

目的:对比分析品质优良的广西莪术的植株形态、药材性状特征,明确优良种质广西莪术的植株形态和药材性状的特征;为选育高产优质的广西莪术品种以及建立广西莪术种质资源数据库提供依据。方法:测量21份优良种质植株苗期、成熟期的外观形态,分析成熟期采收的各种质药材的性状特征。结果:测得苗期、成熟期各种质植株的株高、叶片数、叶长和宽、叶舌长、叶鞘长、叶鞘宽和叶柄长数据;叶鞘、叶柄颜色呈多样;叶片被毛稀疏植株较多,叶基呈偏斜和楔形以及叶端呈细尾状渐尖和短渐尖形状;各种质材料苗期、成熟期生长外观形态差别较大,有明显的种间差异;比较各种质药材性状特征的异同。结论:广西莪术植株形态与药材性状具有丰富的多样性,其植株形态和药材性状与其产量和挥发油含量无直接关系,但各种质材料的植株形态和药材性状代表各植株的外观特征,在选育良种时可作为形态特征来甄别。

Objective： To analyse the basis for breeding high yield and high-quality of Curcama kwangsinesis and to provide the data for establishing germplasm resources database of Curcama kwangsinesis, we analyse and compare the plant morphological and character of the high-quality germplasm Curcama kwangsinesis to seek the feature of the plant morphology and character. Methods： Measuring appearance morphology in seedling stage and mature period of 21 kinds of high-quality germplasm, code, and recording characteristics of all kinds of germplasm, code in mature period. Results： We get abundant data from plant height, leaf number, leaf length and wideth, ligule length, leaf sheath length and wideth, and petiole length of all kinds of qualitative code-named plants in seedling stage and mature period; the leaf sheath and petiole are colorful; leaves are covered by dense lamellar seta which is more, leaf base which has two kinds of shape, they are skew and wedge, leaf apex is in various shapes, it has two kinds of shape, they are fine caudate taper pointed and short acuminate. Different kinds of qualitative material＇s appearence of form are big and have obvious interspecific differences. Comparing the various properties, it has various shapes. Conclusion： The plant morphology and character of zedoary have rich diversity, There is no direct relationship between the plant morphology, character of crude drug and its yield, and volatile oil content. But the plant morphology and character of crude drug of all kinds of germplasm material plant stand for exterior features of each plant.