不同年龄段功能性构音障碍儿童错误辅音分析

Characteristics of children with functional dysarthria pronouncing constants among different ages

目的:研究功能性构音障碍儿童错误辅音在不同年龄段内的具体表现,了解错误辅音在大年龄组儿童中是否存在好转或自愈倾向。方法:采用中国康复研究中心研制的汉语构音障碍评定法,按照6种不同发音部位(唇音、舌尖中音、舌根音、舌面音、舌尖前音、舌尖后音)的辅音分类方法,对不同年龄段功能性构音障碍儿童的错误辅音进行分析,收集3个年龄段6种不同发音部位发生错误构音的人数和未发生错误构音的人数。结果:90例患者在唇音发音时,不同等级错音个数时的人数分布状况在4岁年龄段、5岁年龄段以及6岁以上年龄段3个不同年龄段的人数分布差异无统计学意义。6种不同发音部位中,只有当患者在舌尖后音发音时,患者辅音构音错误和未发生辅音构音错误人数分布在3个不同年龄段之间在统计学上存在显著性差异(P=0.018)。其余5种发音部位发音时,3个不同年龄段差异无统计学意义。结论:辅音构音错误在大年龄段内无好转或自愈倾向。一旦发现儿童存在辅音构音错误应该及时诊治,尽早接受语音康复训练。

Objective：To study the characteristics of children with functional dysarthria pronouncing consonants a-mong different ages ,to understand whether they will be improved or cured along with age .Methods：The dysarthria examination scale from China Rehabilitation Research Center was applied in this study .Based on the different pro-nouncing parts ,the constant pronunciations were clustered to six groups （i .e .labial consonant ;supradental conso-nant ;blade-alveolar consonant ;blade-palatal consonant ;lingua-palatal consonant ;velar consonant）;the children with functional dysarthria were divided into three age groups .The ratio of children pronouncing constants incorrectly and correctly was analyzed .Results：For the rate of pronouncing constants incorrectly among 90 cases ,there was no sta-tistically significant difference among four-year ,five-year and older than six years groups .For the analysis of six pronouncing parts ,the statistical significance was only found in pronouncing blade-palatal consonant among three age groups （P=0 .018） ,and the rest five pronouncing parts did not have statistically significant difference .Conclusion：The symptoms will not be improved or cured naturally with age .Immediate treatment should be conducted once the diagnosis of functional dysarthria is made .