乌江梯级水库群弃水变化及减少弃水的措施

Analysis on the Discharge Loss Change and Reduce Measures

为降低乌江梯级水库群的弃水风险,提高梯级水库群的运行效益,以兼顾保证出力的梯级水库群发电量最大为目标,构建了梯级水库群优化调度模型,利用1951年5月—2007年4月共56 a的长系列资料,对弃水变化情况及减少弃水的有效措施进行了分析。结果表明:乌江梯级水库弃水主要发生在下游梯级水库,其弃水量占整个梯级水库群弃水量的84%;水库调节性能是影响梯级水库群弃水的主要因素。同时,提出了乌江梯级水库群减少弃水的有效措施:1乌江流域来水较丰时,洪家渡水库应尽可能蓄水至高水位,在需要时为下游梯级补水;2预报洪家渡—东风区间丰水时,东风水库应减小出库流量,预报洪家渡—东风区间枯水时,洪家渡水库应对东风、索风营两库进行补水;3预报下游梯级区间为丰水时,构皮滩水库应减小出库流量,预报为枯水时,构皮滩水库应加大出库流量。

In order to reduce the discharge water risk and improve the economic operation benefit of Wujiang cascade reservoirs,the optimal opera-tion model was established with the target of the guarantee power output for energy maximization of cascade reservoirs,and the long data series from May 1951 to April 2007 were calculated,then the discharge water change and the effective measures to reduce discharge water were analyzed. The results show that：the discharge water is mainly occurred in the downstream of Wujiang cascade reservoirs,the discharge water volume is accounted for 84% of the cascade reservoirs,and the reservoir regulation performance is the main influence factor on reservoir discharge water,based on the difference analysis of reservoir discharge water between the different reservoir regulation performances,the effective measures to reduce discharge water is proposed. ：1）When the incoming water of Wujiang River basin is relatively plentiful,the Hongjiadu Reservoir should as far as possible im-pound to high water level,and replenish water to downstream reservoirs when needed;2）When forecasting the interval incoming water of Hongjiadu and Dongfeng reservoirs is plentiful,the Dongfeng Reservoir should reduce storage outflow,while when forecasting the interval incoming water is low,the Hongjiadu Reservoir should replenish water to Dongfeng and Suofengying reservoirs;3）When forecasting the interval incoming water of downstream reservoirs is plentiful,the Goupitan Reservoir should reduce the storage outflow,while when forecasting the interval incoming water is low,the Goupitan Reservoir should increase storage outflow.