《南赣乡约》社会治理思想的得与失

Gain and Loss of Social Governance in NanGan Rural Convention

王阳明《南赣乡约》一文设计了乡约这个基层自治组织形式。王阳明以他对基层社会的深刻了解,对乡村社会不同层次、不同情况的人规定了不同的礼法责任,对乡村社会生活各个方面的弊病进行了针对性的诊治,并将主要责任落实到约长等士绅阶层身上,使这些社会弊病能够得到有效地解决。同时,王阳明还设计了一个合理而简单易行的基层社会自治程序,这是王阳明《南赣乡约》的价值所在。但是,《南赣乡约》也有一个重大的失误,就是极大地挤压了普通民众的自由空间,为恶势力的扩张提供了更多的可能,这同样不利于乡村社会的治理。

Wang Yangming designed rural convention a form of basic self-governing organizations in Nangan Rural Convention. Based on his deep knowing of grass-root society, Wang Yangming made different law and discipline rites for rural society people from different situation and levels, took targeted measures to all aspects of rural society ills and made gantry take main responsibilities. The convention effectively resolved these social ills. At the same time, Wang Yangming also designed a reasonable and simple self- governing procedure for grass-root society which is the value of NanGan Rural Convention. However, it is also a great failure that NanGan Rural Convention greatly squeezed common people＇s free space and provided more possibilities for the evil force＇s expansion.