手指游戏法提高自闭症儿童沟通与交流能力的研究

A Research of the Finger Games in Improving Autistic Children's Communication and Exchange Ability

自闭症儿童在言语和社会沟通方面伴有严重的障碍。针对自闭症儿童具有的言语沟通和交流障碍、社会交往障碍、兴趣狭窄和行为刻板重复等特征,提出采用一对一的手指游戏:"手指点点游戏""小蚂蚁爬树游戏"和小组的手指游戏:"小指头走一走游戏""手指变游戏"的方式,以提高自闭症儿童沟通与交流的能力。介绍使用手指游戏疗法时需要注意的问题:训练者须保持积极的态度;须采用自然的环境对自闭症儿童进行训练;须完善互动练习过程;须按照自闭症儿童间的个体差异进行手指游戏内容的选择。

Autistic children have severe obstacles in speech and social communication. For the children with autism have verbal communicational barriers, social barriers, narrow interest and repetitive behavioral features, the paper puts forward the adoption of the finger games： ＂finger little game＂, ＂small ants climb game＂; Group of finger games： ＂small finger walking games＂, ＂finger exchange of games＂, to improve the ability of children with autism communications and exchanges. It also introduces problems that need attention when using finger play therapy： the trainer must maintain a positive attitude; the trainer must use the natural environment in training for children with autism; the trainer must improve the interactive practice process; the trainer must carry out choosing of the content of finger games in accordance with the individual differences among children with autism.