11种杀螨剂对异色瓢虫的安全性比较

Safety comparison of eleven acaricides to Harmonia axyridis

本研究选用9种常用杀螨剂及2种新型杀螨剂螺虫乙酯、米尔贝霉素,在其田间推荐使用浓度范围内分别设高、中、低三个试验剂量,用喷雾法直接处理异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis幼虫、蛹、成虫,以比较药剂对该瓢虫的安全性。主要研究结果如下:1)通过调查24 h、48 h死亡率,发现11种杀螨剂对异色瓢虫3龄幼虫毒杀效果由高至低依次为25%三唑锡WP>20%双甲脒EC>1.8%阿维菌素EC>20%甲氰菊酯EC>73%炔螨特EC>15%哒螨灵EC>5%噻螨酮EC>1%米尔贝霉素ME>2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC>24%螺螨酯SC=22.4%螺虫乙酯SC,其24%螺螨酯SC和22.4%螺虫乙酯SC处理幼虫死亡率均为0。2)除1.8%阿维菌素EC、20%甲氰菊酯EC和2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC外,其它8种杀螨剂对瓢虫蛹羽化为成虫基本没影响。11种杀螨剂对新羽化成虫有残毒作用,毒效由高至低依次为1.8%阿维菌素EC>2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC>20%双甲脒EC>20%甲氰菊酯EC>24%螺螨酯SC>25%三唑锡WP>15%哒螨灵EC>5%噻螨酮EC>73%炔螨特EC>22.4%螺虫乙酯SC>1%米尔贝霉素ME,其中后6种药剂处理新羽化成虫死亡率在13.8%以下。3)20%双甲脒EC、24%螺螨酯SC、25%三唑锡WP、15%哒螨灵EC、5%噻螨酮EC、73%炔螨特EC处理成虫死亡率为0,其余5种药剂对成虫毒杀效果由高至低依次为1.8%阿维菌素EC>20%甲氰菊酯EC>2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC>22.4%螺虫乙酯SC>1%米尔贝霉素ME。为了保护异色瓢虫,田间化学防治叶螨时应根据该瓢虫发生虫态合理选用杀螨剂。

In order to compare the safety of acaricide on Harmonia axyridis, we selected nine commonly used acaricides and two kinds of new acaricides （Spirotetramat and Milbemycins）, and chose high, medium and low concentrations within its field recommended concentration range, used the pray method to deal directly with larvae, pupae and adult. The main results were as follows ： 1 ） Through investigated the mortality of 24 h and 48 h, The toxic effect of the 11 acaricides for the 3^rd stage larvae in descending order was： 25% Azacyclotin WP 〉20% Amitraz EC 〉 1.8% Abamectin EC 〉20% Fenpropathrin EC 〉 73% Propargite EC 〉 15% Pyridaben EC 〉 5% Hexythiazox EC 〉 1% Milbemycins ME 〉 2% Emamectin benzoate EC 〉 24% Spirodiclofen SC = 22.4% Spirotetramat SC, and the mortality rate of 24% spirodiclofen SC and 22.4% spirotetramat SC were 0. 2 ） The eight acaricides had no significantly affect to adult eclosion except 1.8% abamectin EC, 20% fenpropathrin EC and 2% emamectin benzoate EC. But all acaricides had residual toxicity for new emergence adults, the descending order was： 1.8% Abamectin EC 〉 2% Emamectin benzoate EC 〉 20% Amitraz EC 〉 20% Fenpropathrin EC 〉 24% Spirodiclofen SC 〉25% Azacyclotin WP 〉 15% Pyridaben EC 〉 5% Hexythiazox EC 〉 73% Propargite EC 〉 22.4 Spirotetramat SC 〉 1% Milbemycins ME, and the mortality rates of the last six acaricides were less than 13.8%. 3） The adult mortality rates of 20% amitraz EC, 24% spirodiclofen SC, 25% azacyclotin WP, 15% pyridaben EC, 5% hexythiazox EC and 73% propargite EC were 0% , The toxic effect of the other five acaricides in descending order was ： 1.8% Abamectin EC 〉 20% Fenpropathrin EC 〉2% Emamectin benzoate EC 〉22.4% Spirotetramat SC 〉 1% Milbemycins ME. In order to protect Harmonia axyridis, we should select the acaricide according to the occurrence period of H. axyridis in the field.