昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的分子进化、功能及药理学研究

Molecular evolution,functional and pharmacological researches on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of insects

毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体(muscarinic acetylcholine receptor,mAchR)是昆虫神经系统中一种十分重要的神经递质受体,属于G蛋白偶联受体超家族,与配体结合后激活G蛋白并通过胞内第二信使产生生物学效应,参与昆虫多种神经生理功能,是农药开发的一个潜在靶标。昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的研究,有助于提高昆虫神经生理及行为调节机制等方面的认识,并为以此为靶标的新型杀虫剂研制提供新思路。本文综述了国内外对昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的研究概况,并对GenBank中已上传的昆虫mAchR序列进行了分子进化分析,最后对昆虫mAchR研究中存在的问题及前景进行了分析和展望。

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor （ mAchR）, belonging to a family of G - protein - coupled receptor, is the predominant neurotransmitter receptor in the nervous system of insects. On binding of ACh, it activate heterotrimeric G proteins, thereby influencing the levels of intracellular second - messenger molecules, mAchRs take part in multiple nervous physiologic functions in insect, which is the potential target for insecticides. Studies on the insect mAehR may help the understanding of molieular mechanism of insect nervous system, and provide new ideas for discoving novel insecticides based on insect mAchRs target. In this paper, research progress in insect mAchRs is reviewed, and the phylogenetie tree was constructed based on the sequences of insect mAchRs released in GenBank. Finally, the problems and prospects in the studies of insect mAchR were analyzed.