太阳能光伏发电环境效益研究

Research on Environment Effects of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation

光伏发电技术的发展缓和了日益增大的能源需求,且与传统的火力发电技术相比,光伏发电技术环境效益显著,但其引起的环境问题也不容忽视。通过对光伏发电组件生产过程产生的环境问题的分析,针对各类污染的治理方法给出了建议,并提取了电池生产过程中温室气体(GHG)的CO2当量排放量和能源偿还时间(EPBT)作为光伏发电的环境效益评价因子。通过对太阳能电池的生命周期评估大量相关文献的综述得出:较之单晶硅和多晶硅太阳能电池而言,非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的环境效益最好,但其广泛的应用还有待其能量转换率的进一步提高。

The development of photovoltaic power generation technology （PPGT）could ease the growing de-mand on energy.Meanwhile,compared with traditional thermal power generation technology,PPGT has obvi-ous environment benefits.However,environmental problems caused during the production of photovoltaic power generation modules should not be ignored.After an analysis on the procedures of production,various environmental pollutions are revealed respectively and the solutions are proposed.By the way,EPBT （energy pay-back time）and emission volume of GHG （greenhouse gas）are picked up as assessment factors on environ-mental effects,and comparison among 3 kinds of solar cell has been made based on amount of literatures.The result shows that amorphous silicon thin film solar cell has a better environmental effect than mono-crystalline silicon solar cell and polycrystalline silicon solar cell do,and improving its energy conversion would be vital to its wide application in the future.