增长与道义：城市开发的双重逻辑--以B市C城区“开发带危改”阶段为例

The Dual Logics of Growth and Moralism in Urban Development:Taking the period of "developing with dilapidated building renewal project" in C district of B city as an example

中国的"城市奇迹"举世瞩目,该奇迹何以如此持久和高效,成为一个令人着迷的问题。本文以20世纪90年代国家构造房地产市场之初的"开发带危改"阶段为例,辨析了其中的增长逻辑与道义逻辑的产生与运作。由于社会心理结构转型较之社会结构转型的滞后,市场转型带来的增长逻辑在总体性社会尚未变化的道义逻辑下错位互嵌:发展被简单化为经济增长,而增长又被道义化为全面利益,这就为都市政府借用国家权力和市场资源、实现区域经济增长提供了合法性;同时,也对普通市民捍卫自身日常生活空间产生了行政的和道德的压力。两者间的高度不均衡,既造就了城市开发的持续和高效,也导致了"发展"的道义悖论:以道义为名的增长(为国家/全民利益),在增长的过程中,模糊了实质上的道义(让市民参与)。

The 'city miracle' in China has drawn worldwide attention.It is a fascinating question to ask how it can be so sustained and efficient.Taking the ' developing with dilapidated building renewal project' in the 1990's as an example,this article analyzes the emergence and operation of dual logics defined as growth and moralism.The transformation of social cultural psychological system lags behind of the transformation of social structure,which caused a dislocation between the logic of growth brought by the market transition and the logic of moralism carried on from the unchanged totalism.The development was simplified to economic growth and the growth was given the implication of moralism as it was regarded as the common good,which gave urban government the legitimacy to achieve growth by using the power of the state and the resources from the market.Meanwhile.it also exerted the political and moral pressure upon the ordinary people defending their space of daily life.The extreme unbalance between urban government and citizens is the reason of the sustained and efficiency of urban development as well as the moral paradox of 'development' :the growth in the name of moralism(for the pursuit of nation's/ people's good) lost its moralism in substance(making them take part in decision) during the process of achieving growth.