基于拓扑优化的电动汽车白车身优化设计

The Body in White Optimization of an Electric Vehicle Using Topology Optimization

针对电动汽车的独特承载要求,提出一种结合拓扑优化和车身尺寸优化的优化设计方法.以某型电动汽车为实例,通过建立白车身拓扑优化模型、有限元概念模型、尺寸优化模型和样车制造,进行了从整车拓扑结构到车身梁截面的优化设计过程,实现了电动汽车白车身的正向设计.在优化过程中采用遗传算法,以弯曲刚度和扭转刚度同时作为优化目标,白车身质量最小作为优化约束,选取了灵敏度较高的梁作为变量进行多目标优化.通过与样车参数的比较表明,该方法能够满足设计和工艺要求,实现轻量化设计,对提高白车身设计效率和精度有着重要的意义.

According to the special requirements of the electric vehicle,a method on the basis of topolo-gy optimization and genetic algorithm was presented.In a sample of an electric vehicle,the optimization process includes structural topology optimization and section optimization through topology optimization model,finite element conceptual model,size optimization and manufacture of prototype,which indicates that the forward design can be achieved.In the process of optimization,the obj ectives are bending stiffness and torsional stiffness,and meanwhile,the minimum weight was set as a constraint.By choosing high sensitive beams,the multi-obj ective optimization was presented with genetic algorithm.Compared with the results of the real car,this method can meet the requirements of light weight design and manufacture, which provides theoretical significance in increasing the efficiency and accuracy of optimization.